Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.)
The Master of Public Policy (MPP) prepares students to capably make and effectively implement public policy decisions. This MPP program allows students to engage in California's world-leading public policies through course assignments structured as commonly expected professional work products and both a required externship and a required internship. The only MPP degree offered by an ABA accredited law school provides students with a greater understanding of laws and regulations as both foundations and tools of public policies.
The MPP may be pursued full-time or part-time. Admissions are made in the fall.
A total of 48 units is required to earn the MPP, including a 39 unit core of required courses.
MPP Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
MPP Areas of Concentration
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Application for Graduation: Students in the final semester of their degree program must complete the Application for Graduation form no later than the Add/Drop Deadline of that semester and return completed forms to the Office of the Registrar.
Questions?
Contact Distinguished Professor of Public Policy John J. Kirlin
Email | 916.520.7471
Dual Degree, JD and MPP
For information about this dual degree, see the JD sections of this catalog.
Bachelor of Arts Major in Economics/Master of Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific undergraduate cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the Bachelor of Arts in Economics degree and Master of Public Policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree. 3) Acceptance into the graduate portion of this blended program is conditional on (a) completion of all undergraduate program requirements by the end of the seventh semester at Pacific and (b) a minimum 3.0 cumulative Pacific undergraduate GPA.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (This includes general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| ECON 055 | Introductory Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy | 4 |
| ECON 101 | Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis | 4 |
| ECON 103 | Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis | 4 |
| ECON 111 | History of Economic Thought | 4 |
| ECON 161 | Empirical Methods | 4 |
| ECON 199 | Economic Analysis Capstone | 3 |
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Elementary Statistical Inference | ||
| Introduction to Statistics and Probability | ||
| Probability with Applications to Statistics | ||
| Social Science Research Methods | ||
| ECON electives – 4 additional Economics courses (must be numbered ECON 71 or higher, excluding ECON 101L and ECON 103L, and including ECON 191 only with departmental approval.) | 16 | |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select four of the following, with at least one each from Economics and Political Science: | ||
| Economics courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Political Science courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| Public Affairs courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Urban Society | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Science Major in Economics/Master of Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific undergraduate cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the Bachelor of Science in Economics degree and Master of Public Policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree. 3) Acceptance into the graduate portion of this blended program is conditional on (a) completion of all undergraduate program requirements by the end of the seventh semester at Pacific and (b) a minimum 3.0 cumulative Pacific undergraduate GPA.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
IV. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (This includes general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
V. Major Requirements
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| ECON 055 | Introductory Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy | 4 |
| ECON 101 | Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis | 4 |
| ECON 103 | Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis | 4 |
| ECON 199 | Economic Analysis Capstone | 3 |
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Social Science Research Methods | ||
| Introduction to Statistics and Probability | ||
| Probability with Applications to Statistics | ||
VI. Complete One Of The Following Tracks:
| Social Science Track | ||
| ECON 111 | History of Economic Thought | 4 |
| ECON 190 | Econometrics | 4 |
| ECON electives – 4 additional Economics courses (must be numbered ECON 71 or higher, excluding ECON 101L and ECON 103L, and including ECON 191 only with departmental approval.) | 16 | |
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Computers and Information Processing | ||
| Introduction to Computer Science | ||
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Elements of Calculus | ||
| Calculus I | ||
| Applied Economics Track | ||
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Empirical Methods | ||
| Econometrics | ||
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Computers and Information Processing | ||
| Introduction to Computer Science | ||
| Select one of the following: | 4 | |
| Elements of Calculus | ||
| Introduction to Finite Mathematics and Calculus | ||
| Calculus I | ||
| ECON electives – 4 additional Economics courses (must be numbered ECON 71 or higher, excluding ECON 101L and ECON 103L, and including ECON 191 only with departmental approval.) | 16 | |
| BUSI 031 | Principles of Financial Accounting | 4 |
| BUSI 053 | The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business | 4 |
Note: 1) Students completing a concentration in Finance in the ESB need only complete 3 ECON electives.
| Mathematical Economics Track | ||
| ECON 160 | Mathematical Economics | 4 |
| ECON 190 | Econometrics | 4 |
| ECON electives – 3 additional Economics courses (must be numbered ECON 71 or higher, excluding ECON 101L and ECON 103L, and including ECON 191 only with departmental approval.) | 12 | |
| MATH 049 | Introduction to Abstract Mathematics | 4 |
| MATH 051 | Calculus I | 4 |
| MATH 053 | Calculus II | 4 |
| MATH 055 | Calculus III | 4 |
| MATH 075 | Introduction to Linear Algebra | 4 |
| MATH Elective (One 4-unit MATH course MATH 055 or higher) * | 4 | |
| * | Math electives must be beyond the required MATH 051, MATH 053 or MATH 055, and MATH 141 or MATH 145, but not including MATH 161, MATH 162 and MATH 166. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select four of the following, with at least one each from Economics and Political Science: | ||
| Economics courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Political Science courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| Public Affairs courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Urban Society | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science/Master Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the bachelor of arts degree with a major in political science and a 3.0 in the master of public policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 14 courses that include:
| POLS 011 | Introduction to Comparative Politics | 4 |
| or POLS 151 | Principles of Comparative Politics | |
| POLS 021 | Introduction to Political Theory | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| or POLS 031 | Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | |
| POLS 051 | Introduction to International Relations | 4 |
| POLS 133 | Political Science Research | 4 |
| One of the following Orientation courses | ||
| Cross-Cultural Training I * | ||
| Career and Internship Preparation | ||
| Minimum 3 units from the following experiential learning courses: ** | 3-4 | |
| Political Science Internship | ||
| Pre-Law Internship | ||
| Undergraduate Research | ||
JCTR 187 Community Affairs Internship | ||
| Community Independent Research | ||
| Sacramento Experience Internship | ||
| Washington Semester Internship | ||
| 6 Upper-Division Courses with at least one course in four of the following subfields: | 12 | |
| US Government and Politics | ||
| Urban Government | ||
| California Government and Politics | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| Congress and the Presidency | ||
| Political Parties and Interest Groups | ||
| Campaigns & Elections | ||
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Public Law | ||
| Courts and Judicial Behavior | ||
| Constitutional Law | ||
| Constitutional Law: Civil Liberties | ||
| Criminal Law | ||
| Political Theory | ||
| Ancient to Medieval Political Theory | ||
| Modern to Contemporary Political Theory | ||
| American Political Thought | ||
| Jurisprudence | ||
| Comparative Politics | ||
| Western European Comparative Politics | ||
| Principles of Comparative Politics | ||
| Politics of Asia | ||
| Comparative Foreign Policy | ||
| International Relations | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Theories of International Politics | ||
| International Political Economy | ||
| International Conflict and Conflict Management | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| POLS 189 | Capstone Seminar | 4 |
| * | Only students who participate in an approved study-abroad program may take INTL 151—Cross-Cultural Training I |
| ** | Students may meet the Political Science major's experiential learning requirement by participating in an approved education abroad program. Any SABD (education abroad) course may be used to satisfy the experiential learning requirement. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select one of the following Political Science courses: | 4 | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Four of the following courses, with at least one each coming from the Sociology and the Economics sets: | 16 | |
| Economic Courses | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Sociology Courses | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Urban Society | ||
| Other Public Affairs Courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science - Criminal Justice Concentration/Master Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the bachelor of arts degree with a major in political science - Criminal Justice Concentration and a 3.0 in the master of public policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 14 courses that include:
| POLS 031 | Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | 4 |
| POLS 133 | Political Science Research | 4 |
| or INTL 101 | Social Science Research Methods | |
| SOCI 033 | Criminology | 4 |
| SOCI 051 | Introduction to Sociology | 4 |
| SOCI 071 | Sociology Cohort Seminar | 1 |
| SOCI 079 | Self and Society | 4 |
| SOCI 139 | Corrections | 4 |
| SOCI 172 | Social Inequality | 4 |
| SOCI 177 | Theories of Society and Culture | 4 |
| SOCI 179 | Capstone Seminar | 3 |
| Three (3) of the following electives, with at least one POLS course and one SOCI course: | ||
| Urban Government | ||
or SOCI 161 | Urban Society | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
or POLS 128 | Introduction to Public Administration | |
| Courts and Judicial Behavior | ||
| Criminal Law | ||
| Jurisprudence | ||
| Deviant Behavior | ||
| Social Problems | ||
| Introduction to Social Services | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | ||
| One (1) of the following experiential learning courses: * | ||
| Experiential Learning | ||
| Independent Research | ||
| Sacramento Experience Internship | ||
| Washington Semester Internship | ||
| * | Students may also meet the Sociology major's experiential learning requirement by participating in an approved study abroad program. Any SABD {study abroad) course may be used to satisfy the experiential learning requirement. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select one of the following Political Science courses: | 4 | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Four of the following courses, with at least one each coming from the Sociology and the Economics sets: | 16 | |
| Economic Courses | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Sociology Courses | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Urban Society | ||
| Other Public Affairs Courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science with Departmental Honors/Master Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.5 in order to earn the bachelor of arts degree with a major in political science departmental honors and a 3.0 in the master of public policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 14 courses that include:
| POLS 011 | Introduction to Comparative Politics | 4 |
| or POLS 151 | Principles of Comparative Politics | |
| POLS 021 | Introduction to Political Theory | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| or POLS 031 | Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | |
| POLS 051 | Introduction to International Relations | 4 |
| POLS 133 | Political Science Research | 4 |
| One of the following Orientation courses | ||
| Cross-Cultural Training I * | ||
| Career and Internship Preparation | ||
| Minimum 3 units from the following experiential learning courses: ** | 3-4 | |
| Political Science Internship | ||
| Pre-Law Internship | ||
| Undergraduate Research | ||
JCTR 187 Community Affairs Internship | ||
| Community Independent Research | ||
| Sacramento Experience Internship | ||
| Washington Semester Internship | ||
| 6 Upper-Division Courses with at least one course in four of the following subfields: | 12 | |
| US Government and Politics | ||
| Urban Government | ||
| California Government and Politics | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| Congress and the Presidency | ||
| Political Parties and Interest Groups | ||
| Campaigns & Elections | ||
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Public Law | ||
| Courts and Judicial Behavior | ||
| Constitutional Law | ||
| Constitutional Law: Civil Liberties | ||
| Criminal Law | ||
| Political Theory | ||
| Ancient to Medieval Political Theory | ||
| Modern to Contemporary Political Theory | ||
| American Political Thought | ||
| Jurisprudence | ||
| Comparative Politics | ||
| Western European Comparative Politics | ||
| Principles of Comparative Politics | ||
| Politics of Asia | ||
| Comparative Foreign Policy | ||
| International Relations | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Theories of International Politics | ||
| International Political Economy | ||
| International Conflict and Conflict Management | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| POLS 189 | Capstone Seminar *** | 4 |
| * | Only students who participate in an approved study-abroad program may take INTL 151—Cross-Cultural Training I |
| ** | Students may meet the Political Science major's experiential learning requirement by participating in an approved education abroad program. Any SABD (education abroad) course may be used to satisfy the experiential learning requirement. |
| *** | The capstone project must be completed individually and receive a minimum grade of B+. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select one of the following Political Science courses: | 4 | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Four of the following courses, with at least one each coming from the Sociology and the Economics sets: | 16 | |
| Economic Courses | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Sociology Courses | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Urban Society | ||
| Other Public Affairs Courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science - Criminal Justice Concentration with Departmental Honors/Master Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.5 in order to earn the bachelor of arts degree with a major in political science - criminal justice concentration with departmental honors and a 3.0 in the master of public policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 14 courses that include:
| POLS 011 | Introduction to Comparative Politics | 4 |
| or POLS 151 | Principles of Comparative Politics | |
| POLS 021 | Introduction to Political Theory | 4 |
| POLS 031 | Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | 4 |
| POLS 051 | Introduction to International Relations | 4 |
| POLS 081 | Career and Internship Preparation | * |
| or INTL 151 | Cross-Cultural Training I | |
| POLS 133 | Political Science Research | 4 |
| or INTL 101 | Social Science Research Methods | |
| Select three (3) of the following courses, with at least one course from POLS and one course from SOCI | ||
| Urban Government | ||
or SOCI 161 | Urban Society | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
or POLS 128 | Introduction to Public Administration | |
| Courts and Judicial Behavior | ||
| Criminal Law | ||
| Jurisprudence | ||
| Deviant Behavior | ||
| Social Problems | ||
| Introduction to Social Services | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | ||
| Minimum 3 units from the following experiential learning courses: ** | ||
| Political Science Internship | ||
| Pre-Law Internship | ||
| Undergraduate Research | ||
| Community Affairs Internship | ||
| Community Independent Research | ||
or JCTR 197B | Community Independent Research | |
| Sacramento Experience Internship | ||
| Washington Semester Internship | ||
| POLS 189 | Capstone Seminar *** | 4 |
| * | Only students who participate in an approved study-abroad program may take INTL 151—Cross-Cultural Training I |
| ** | Students may meet the Political Science major's experiential learning requirement by participating in an approved education abroad program. Any SABD (education abroad) course may be used to satisfy the experiential learning requirement. |
| *** | The capstone project must be completed individually and receive a minimum grade of B+. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select one of the following Political Science courses: | 4 | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Four of the following courses, with at least one each coming from the Sociology and the Economics sets: | 16 | |
| Economic Courses | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Sociology Courses | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Urban Society | ||
| Other Public Affairs Courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts in Sociology/Master of Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific undergraduate cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the Bachelor of Arts in Sociology degree and Master of Public Policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree. 3) Acceptance into the graduate portion of this blended program is conditional on (a) completion of all undergraduate program requirements by the end of the seventh semester at Pacific and (b) a minimum 3.0 cumulative Pacific undergraduate GPA.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 10 courses that include:
| SOCI 051 | Introduction to Sociology | 4 |
| SOCI 071 | Sociology Cohort Seminar * | 1 |
| SOCI 079 | Self and Society * | 4 |
| SOCI 171 | Social Research Methods | 4 |
| SOCI 172 | Social Inequality | 4 |
| SOCI 177 | Theories of Society and Culture | 4 |
| SOCI 179 | Capstone Seminar * | 3 |
| Select one of the following statistic courses: | 4 | |
| Political Science Research | ||
| Elementary Statistical Inference | ||
| Introduction to Statistics and Probability | ||
| Three SOCI Electives (Three additional courses, two of which are numbered 100 or above excluding SOCI 051, SOCI 187A, SOCI 187B, SOCI 197A, and SOCI 197B) ** | 12 | |
| Select one of the following electives: | 4 | |
| Culture and Economy | ||
| Culture and Power | ||
| Media and Society | ||
| Documentary Film as Persuasive Communication | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| English 25 | ||
| Environment and Literature | ||
| Contemporary Critical Issues | ||
| Introduction to Ethnic Studies | ||
| Introduction to Gender Studies | ||
| Sport, Culture and U.S. Society | ||
| Sport and Globalization | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| United States Since 1945 | ||
| Borderlands | ||
| Contemporary World Issues | ||
| Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | ||
| U.S. Government and Politics | ||
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
| Introduction to Public Administration | ||
| Social Ethics | ||
| Religion, Race, Justice in US | ||
| Select one of the following experiential learning courses: | 4 | |
| Co-op Internship | ||
| Co-op Internship | ||
JCTR 187 Community Affairs Internship | ||
| Experiential Learning | ||
| Independent Research | ||
| Independent Research | ||
| * | 1. SOCI 071 and SOCI 079 are strongly recommended prior to SOCI 171 and SOCI 172. |
| ** | 1. Majors may elect to develop their own concentration of elective courses in consultation with their faculty advisor. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select four of the following, with at least one each from Economics and Political Science: | ||
| Economics courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Political Science courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| Public Affairs courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Urban Society | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Bachelor of Arts Major in Sociology - Criminal Justice Concentration/Master of Public Policy Blended Program
Students must complete a minimum of 150 units with a Pacific undergraduate cumulative and major/program grade point average of 3.0 in order to earn the Bachelor of Arts Major in Sociology - Criminal Justice Concentration degree and Master of Public Policy degree.
Note: 1) A total of eight upper division units can count towards both degrees. 2) An additional 11 graduate units can count towards the BA degree. 3) Acceptance into the graduate portion of this blended program is conditional on (a) completion of all undergraduate program requirements by the end of the seventh semester at Pacific and (b) a minimum 3.0 cumulative Pacific undergraduate GPA.
I. General Education Requirements
Minimum 42 units and 12 courses that include:
| PACS 001 | What is a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 002 | Topical Seminar on a Good Society | 4 |
| PACS 003 | What is an Ethical Life? | 3 |
Note: 1) Pacific Seminars cannot be taken for Pass/No Credit. 2) Transfer students with 28 or more transfer units complete 2 additional General Education elective courses from below in place of taking PACS 001 and PACS 002.
One course from each subdivision below:
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | ||
| Arts and Humanities | ||
| Natural Sciences and Mathematics | ||
or a second IIIA Natural Sciences course | ||
Note: 1) No more than 2 courses from a single discipline may be applied to meet the requirements of the general education program.
II. Diversity Requirement
| Students must complete one diversity course (3-4 units) | ||
Note: 1) Transfer students with 28 units or more transfer units prior to fall 2011 are encouraged but not required to complete a designated course prior to graduation. 2) Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
III. College of the Pacific BA Requirement
Students must complete one year of college instruction or equivalent training in a language other than English.
Note: 1) Transfer students with sophomore standing are exempt from this requirement.
IV. Fundamental Skills
Students must demonstrate competence in:
| Writing | ||
| Quantitative analysis | ||
V. Breadth Requirement
Students must complete 60 units outside the primary discipline of the first major, regardless of the department who offers the course(s) in that discipline. (Courses include general education courses, transfer courses, CPCE/EXTN units, internships, etc.)
VI. Major Requirements
Minimum 14 courses that include:
| POLS 031 | Introduction to Law and Policy in the American Political System | 4 |
| POLS 133 | Political Science Research | 4 |
| or INTL 101 | Social Science Research Methods | |
| SOCI 033 | Criminology | 4 |
| SOCI 051 | Introduction to Sociology | 4 |
| SOCI 071 | Sociology Cohort Seminar | 1 |
| SOCI 079 | Self and Society | 4 |
| SOCI 139 | Corrections | 4 |
| SOCI 172 | Social Inequality | 4 |
| SOCI 177 | Theories of Society and Culture | 4 |
| SOCI 179 | Capstone Seminar | 3 |
| Three (3) of the following electives, with at least one POLS course and one SOCI course: | ||
| Urban Government | ||
or SOCI 161 | Urban Society | |
| Government in Action: Public Policy Analysis | ||
or POLS 128 | Introduction to Public Administration | |
| Courts and Judicial Behavior | ||
| Criminal Law | ||
| Jurisprudence | ||
| Deviant Behavior | ||
| Social Problems | ||
| Introduction to Social Services | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | ||
| One (1) of the following experiential learning courses: * | ||
| Experiential Learning | ||
| Independent Research | ||
| Sacramento Experience Internship | ||
| Washington Semester Internship | ||
| * | Students may also meet the Sociology major's experiential learning requirement by participating in an approved study abroad program. Any SABD {study abroad) course may be used to satisfy the experiential learning requirement. |
VII. Undergraduate Public Policy Preparation
Courses may be used also to meet general education and/or major/minor requirements.
| ECON 053 | Introductory Microeconomics | 4 |
| POLS 041 | U.S. Government and Politics | 4 |
| SOCI 041 | Social Problems | 4 |
| Select four of the following, with at least one each from Economics and Political Science: | ||
| Economics courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Public Finance | ||
| Environmental and Natural Resource Economics | ||
| Labor Economics | ||
| Health Economics | ||
| Political Science courses (Pick at least one) | ||
| Global Environmental Policy | ||
| Introduction to Health Policy | ||
| U.S. Foreign Policy | ||
| Public Affairs courses | ||
| Public Advocacy | ||
| Intercultural Communication | ||
| American Immigration | ||
| Women in United States History | ||
| American Environmental History | ||
| Criminology | ||
| Environment and Society | ||
| Sociology of Health and Illness | ||
| Urban Society | ||
VIII. Master of Public Policy Requirements
Required of MPP
Minimum GPA: Your cumulative grade point average must be 3.00 or higher in those courses required for award of the MPA, MPA with concentration, or MPP.
| Required Courses: All core courses in four areas, including: | ||
| LAW | ||
| LAW 212 | Intro. to Legal Analysis | 2 |
| LAW 517 | Statutes and Regulations | 3 |
| PUBLIC POLICY | ||
| PUB 211 | Pub Pol: Conflicted, Complex, Uncertain | 3 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 214 | Budgets, Financial Management | 3 |
| PUB 252 | Capstone: Strategy, Implementation | 3 |
| PUB 291 | Externship | 3 |
| ANALYTIC TOOLS | ||
| PUB 221 | Economic Concepts and Tools | 3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 233 | Public Manager Analytics | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
| LEADERSHIP | ||
| PUB 218 | Professional Skills | 1 |
| PUB 241 | Leaders, Organization Behavior | 3 |
| PUB 242 | Systemic Change | 3 |
Required internship: Between the first and second year, MPP students complete an approved internship.
Required courses in a concentration (or electives): To complete a designated area of concentration, six (6) units as specified for that area of concentration. Take an additional three (3) units as electives, which may be among courses listed for area of concentration, for a total of 48 units. Alternatively, take sufficient elective courses to achieve a total of 48 units, receiving the MPP without a concentration.
| Environmental and Water Policy - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 230 | Water Resources Law (This course is offered in a 2 and 3 unit format. If taken as 2 units, you must take 1 additional elective unit.) | 3 |
| LAW 507 | Environmental Law | 3 |
| LAW 235 | Environmental Practice | 3 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 509 | Special Topics in Environmental Law | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 510 | Natural Resources Law | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Capital Policy Making - 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 576 | Cap. Lawyering and Pol. Making | 2 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| Legislative & Public Policy Clinic * | ||
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
*LAW 853 requires students to register for 3 units in each Fall & Spring.
| Public and Non-Profit Leadership - 6 Units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses | ||
| LAW 101 | Contracts/Analytical Skills | 4 |
| LAW 110 | Contracts | 4 |
| LAW 209 | Local Agency Practice | 2 |
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 513 | California Lobbying & Politics | 2 |
| LAW 560 | Land Use Planning | 2 |
| LAW 802 | Negotiation and Settlements Seminar | 2 or 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| LAW 826 | Negotiating Disputes Into Deals | 1 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| Policy Change, Institutional Reform, Sustainability - MPA ONLY- 6 units | ||
| Complete 6 or more units from among these courses: | ||
| LAW 500 | Administrative Law | 3 |
| LAW 822 | Lawmaking in California | 2 |
| PUB 213 | Enhancing Societal Capacity | 3 |
| PUB 219 | Directed Research | 1-3 |
| PUB 222 | Finance for Public Policies | 3 |
| PUB 234 | Advanced Policy Analytics | 3 |
Learning Outcomes
1. Identify Policy Issue and Analytic Tools
Accurately identify the type of public policy issue confronted and useful tools for guiding analysis and action (e.g., degrees of complexity and uncertainty, extent and depth of conflicts, capacities to make decisions and to implement choices).
2. Analyze Policy and Recommend Action
Analyze and recommend actions with sufficient understanding of relevant values, past history, competitive forces, and adaptive human behaviors to reasonably assess probable longer term effects of public policy choices.
3. Strategically Lead.
Demonstrate capacity to pursue a policy goal by effective engagement at key decision points and mobilization and leverage of critical resources.
4. Diversely Communicate Useful Information to Stakeholders
Convey information effectively in several formats-written, verbal, and web-emphasizing those useful to decision makers, professionals in a field, and citizens.
5. Analytically Produce Public Policy Information
Effectively identify, collect, organize and analyze information, including demographic, economic, fiscal and agency activity data.